For your issue you could use our BYK®-323 as well. However, keep in mind that BYK®-323 is much higher in non-volatile matter.
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For this kind of application, I would suggest the following additives: substrate wetting - BYK®-310; BYK®-331; leveling - BYK®-322; BYK®-352. BYK®-310 is a solution of a polyester-modified dimethylpolysiloxane. It provides good substrate wetting of critical substrates and good anti-crater performance by reduction of surface tension of the coatings. It is a heat-resistant silicone and shows no thermal decomposition at temperatures between 150°C / 300°F and 230°C / 450°F. Dosage should be between 0.05-0.3 upon total formulation. BYK®-331 is a polyether-modified dimethylpolysiloxane copolymer, reduces surface tension and therefore provides better substrate wetting. Dosage should be between 0.025-0.2 upon total formulation. BYK®-322 is an aralkyl-modified methylalkyl polysiloxane. It is a silicone leveling additive with defoaming action. It improves the surface properties of solvent-based and solvent-free coatings, with particular emphasis upon leveling. It has a thermal stablility at baking temperatures up to 250°C / 480°F. Dosage should be between 0.01-0.4 upon total formulation. BYK®-352 is a solution of a polyacrylate and provides good leveling at a dosage of 0.2-0.5 upon total formulation.
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I would recommend the following additives to you: As a wetting and dispersing additive, DISPERBYK®-112 / DISPERBYK®-116 or DISPERBYK®-185. DISPERBYK®-112 is a high molecular weight wetting and dispersing additive for solvent-based systems. It is a solution of an acrylate copolymer (non-volatile matter 60) with basic pigment-affinic groups in methoxypropylacetate. DISPERBYK®-116 is an acrylate copolymer with pigment-affinic groups (non-volatile matter > 98). It deflocculates pigments via steric stabilization of the pigments. DISPERBYK®-185 is a solution of a high molecular weight block copolymer with pigment-affinic groups (non-volatile matter 94); a wetting and dispersing additive for aqueous, solvent-based and solvent-free coatings and pigment concentrates. As rheology control, I propose our BYK®-410. BYK®-410 is a solution of a modified urea (non-volatile matter 52 in NMP); a liquid rheological additive for solvent-based and solvent-free coatings. The thixotropic flow behavior prevents settling and sagging. If you're looking for an NMP-free version, you can choose our BYK®-E 410 which contains only NEP.
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BYK®-300 is a solution of a polyether-modified dimethylpolysiloxane copolymer. The main usage is as a standard silicone additive to improve surface properties in all solvent-based coatings. It reduces surface tension and therefore provides better substrate wetting. At the same time, surface slip is increased and anti-blocking properties are improved. Formation of Bénard cells is avoided, leveling and gloss are improved. You can look up all the technical information on BYK®-300 in our Additive Guide on our website www.byk.com. To look for an alternative makes no sense to me due to the fact that it is a commercially available product. When you need to replace this additive for a special reason, please let us know why.
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We do not have practical expierence with epoxysilane hybrid systems, but I'd like to give you our ideas on which additive might work to stabilize Ti02 in your system. Try using DISPERBYK®-180, DISPERBYK®-110, DISPERBYK®-103, with a dosage of 1-3 on total formulation.
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Until now, I have not heard about a coil coating applied by curtain coater. Our wetting and dispersing additives which are mainly used in coil coating are DISPERBYK®-180, DISPERBYK®-110, DISPERBYK®-171, DISPERBYK®-174. All of these wetting and dispersing additives are deflocculating additives, i.e., the rheological behavior of the paint leads to more Newtonion flow, so there is less foam stabilization than without. I know from curtain coater application on wood that very often a lot of foam is created due to the repumping in the machine. The solution is to find the right balance between defoamer and foam-stabilizing ingredients, i.e. against craters and for stability of the curtain.
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In polyurethane systems, a combination of defoamer and leveling additive is always used. To get a good defoaming and leveling, the use of the right (and the right amount of) wetting and dispersing additive will also help. Try DISPERBYK®-111 and DISPERBYK®-180. There are several combinations of defoamer and leveling additive which work in practice. BYK®-392, 0.4-0.8 + BYK®-315, 0.1-0.3, on total formulation. BYK®-051, 0.3-0.5 + BYK®-358 N, 0.3-0.5 + BYK®-333, 0.05-0.1, on total formulation. BYK®-066 N, 0.3-0.5 + BYK®-320, 0.1-0.3 + BYK®-354, 0.2-0.5, on total formulation. But other combinations are possible as well.
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If you get a good defoaming effect with BYK®-052 without craters, you should go on with BYK®-052. BYK®-333 is a 100% very active silicone which reduces the surface tension and creates, in high dosages, a lot of stable foam. For good leveling, use a combination of 0.2-0.5% BYK®-361 N and 0.1-0.3% BYK®-320. If you would like to do further work with BYK®-333, reduce the dosage to 0.05-0.1% on total formulation. Instead of silicone you can try BYK®-SILCLEAN 3700.
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Try using BYK®-P 104. We call it a controlled flocculating wetting and dispersing additive. It also helps against sedimentation. If the effect is not strong enough, you can try a combination with BYK®-410 or another rheological additive. We don't know if the electrical contact is influenced because we have no possibility to test this in our labs.
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Due to the high dosage of zinc dust in total inorganic zinc rich primer, pinholes always happen. You have three options for solving this problem: One is to reduce the viscosity of zinc rich primer by using wetting and dispersing additives such as DISPERBYK®-110. In addition, the right wetting and dispersing additive can improve anti-corrosion performance and avoid white rust. Please note that not every wetting and dispersing additive works in this special system, but DISPERBYK®-110 does. Another method is mist coat application on zinc rich primer, i.e. dilute the top finish (or the 2nd primer layer which is applied on zinc rich primer) with a lot of thinner, apply on zinc rich primer first to close the pinholes. We call this layer the mist coat. Afterwards, apply your 2nd primer or the top finish. The third method is to formulate mist-free coating on the 2nd layer. 1. BYK®-323 0.1-0.3% in epoxy system (if xylene + Butyl alcohol); 2. BYK®-323, 0.1% + BYK®-065 (or BYK®-052) in epoxy system (if xylene only). Note: alcohol makes BYK®-323 more incompatible; the stronger defoamering effect Xylene makes BYK®-323 more compatible with a greater leveling effect but less defoaming effect or even foam stabilizing. Xylene, 80% + Butyl alcohol, 20%, makes BYK®-323: leveling effect + wet paint penetration to pinhole + no foam stabilization. In this case, there is no need for mist coating and you can still avoid the pinhole problem (less time, paint, labor-hour consumption).
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To get a good orientation of metallic in your system, a number of different steps are important. Use 3% of BYK®-P 104 S calculated on metallic when making the metallic slurry before use. After that, put the slurry in your paint. Use 1-3% of a wax such as CERAFAK® 110 for orientation. Often the combination with a silikone additive and an anti-sedimentation additive gives the optimum results: 0.2-0.4% of BYK®-344 on the silicones you are using. As extra anti-sedimentation: 0.1-0.3% of BYK®-410, or other rheological additive if BYK®-410 is not compatible in your systems. In our labs, we have not tested BYK®-410 in nitrocellulose / acrylic and nitrcellulose / short oil alkyd so far.
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We do not have practical lab expierence in dispersing ATO nanoparticles in ethanol or isopropanol with our wetting and dispersing additives. I should like to recommend that you test DISPERBYK®-180 and DISPERBYK®-190. I expect that you need a high additive dosage because you have very fine particles.
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To get a good orientation and no settling of the aluminum flakes, you have to use a combination of additives. First of all, use a wetting and dispersing additive such as DISPERBYK®-110 or BYK®-P 104 S with a dosage of 3% calculated on solid aluminum. However, you are right: BYK®-410 can help in anti-sedimentation. For orientation, waxes and silicones are used, e.g. CERAFAK® 106, CERAFAK® 110 or Ceratix types which give orientation and anti-sedimentation. As silicones, BYK®-333, BYK®-344 or others can be used.
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With reference to your enquiry, we want to inform you that BYK®-300 is not a heat-resistant silicone leveling additive at temperatures > 150°C. We recommend that you use 0.1-0.2% BYK®-310 (with a strong reduction of surface tension) or 0.1-0.3% BYK®-322 (with a slight reduction of surface tension). These agents are thermally stable at baking temperatures up to 230-250°C. Good results regarding leveling and cratering are often received by using a combination of a silicone surface additive and an acrylic leveling additive such as BYK®-352 (0.2-0.5%).
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Thank you very much for your request. For most types of OH-functional fluorocarbon resins dissolved in aromatic solvents / esters, we suggest using our DISPERBYK®-161 or DISPERBYK®-162 to disperse organic pigments in this binder. The additive dosage is as follows: DISPERBYK®-161: 45-60% on the pigment weight. DISPERBYK®-162: 40-50% on the pigment weight. Just for the case that your system is formulated with aliphatic solvents (white spirit), the right product will be DISPERBYK®-2150, dosage level 35-45 % on the organic pigment weight.
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As a defoamer for an alkyd melamine baking system, you can test BYK®-057, BYK®-052 and BYK®-066 N with a dosage of 0.3-0.5% on total formulation. To optimize leveling, a combination of acrylic and silicone leveling additive shoud be used, e.g. BYK®-310 and BYK®-358 N.
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In order to charge particles positively or negatively in an aqueous solution, please try our BYK®-154, DISPERBYK®-191 and DISPERBYK®-190. We have no experience of what will happen if our additives are used at such high temperatures. From the chemical point of view, we expect the most critical product to be DISPERBYK®-190.
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Adhesion on vacuum-metallized plastics is a very difficult problem which usually requires a very careful selection of solvents, binders and additives. From the solvent side, we suggest you use high levels of lower alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, etc.) and just very small levels (less than 10%) of strong, aggressive solvents such as ketones, esters or glycol ethers. The exact amount of strong solvents (which may etch HIPS) is to be determined in a series of practical experiments. Ingredients of the binder composition may have different adhesion properties. We suggest you test each component individually to figure out which component has the best and which one the worst adhesion. Finally, we suggest you try our BYK®-P 104 (dosage level: 0.4-2%) to improve adhesion of the coating. The additive can be incorporated by post-addition.
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We have a variety of products that are used to improve the application properties of coatings containing effect pigments. Let me try to give you a brief overview: As wetting and dispersing additives we have DISPERBYK®-110 and DISPERBYK®-162 which are used in quantities of about 1-2% solid additive on solid aluminum. Depending upon the treatment of the aluminum, either DISPERBYK®-110 (for basic treated pigments) or DISPERBYK®-162 (acidic treatment) are used. A main impact on appearance of effect pigment-containing coatings is due to the wax that is used. We have a variety of products that are used in this area such as CERAFAK®-103, CERAFAK®-106 or rheologically modified products (CERATIX®-8461 and CERATIX®-8463). Finally, certain silicones are also used to improve appearance, but here only products should be used that have no impact on surface tension reduction, e.g. BYK®-320 and BYK®-322. In order to achieve a perfect result, all three product classes (wetting and dispersing additive, wax and silicone) are used in combination.
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The dispersion of silica can be improved by using DISPERBYK®-103 in solvent-borne systems. DISPERBYK®-103 is a wetting agent to improve dispersion and viscosities of flatting agent concentrates, therefore it will also work by using it as a dispersant in your main resin. Dosage of DISPERBYK®-103 should be 30% solid additive on flatting agent. If there is the need to use a flatting agent concentrate, then it is possible to produce a paste based on DISPERBYK®-103 and BYK®-410. A typical starting point formulation is in the appendix: starting formulations of matting pastes, resin-free based on Syloid ED 5 and DISPERBYK®-103 solvent mix / 1.5 parts BYK®-410 * A:60.0;B:60.0;C:0.0 solvent mix / 1.0 parts BYK®-410 * A:0.0;B:0.0;C:60.0 DISPERBYK®-103 (40%) A:12.0;B:13.5;C:13.5 syloid ED 5 A:16.0;B:18.0;C:18.,0 Shellsol A / DAA 4 : 1 A:12.0;B:8.5;C:8.5 A: 100.0; B: 100.0; C: 100.0 * solvent mix / BYK®-410 : shaking by hand Shellsol A 80.0 Diacetone alcohol (DAA) 20.0 BYK®-410 1.5 / 1.0 approx. one hour storage time before usage in matting paste production method: premix pos. 1 and 2. Add matting agent. Incorporation by toothed disk 10 min. 4m/sec.; add the rest of solvent.
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In silicate and high solid 2 pack epoxy paints, pot-life may be reduced. At high use levels, the pot-life and the cure of epoxy systems may be affected. This is also dependend on other ingredients of the formula and needs to be tested in the entire system finally.
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